Alterações vasculares em beijupirás cultivados em sistema offshore

Abstract

Currently there is a growing interest in the development of projects aiming at the implementation of farmed beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum), requiring broaden knowledge about nutritional requirements, reproductive cycle and habit of the species, especially considering that these factors can trigger the onset of diseases, including circulatory diseases. Among them, atherosclerosis which is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to changes in the arterial wall. In the present study, were investigated vascular diseases in fish, in the point of view of pathological anatomy. Thus, were evaluated morphologically vascular changes in tissues collected from beijupirá farmed in offshore in Pernambuco. Cardiac tissue samples were collected and submitted to histopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the presence of alterations, with subsequent identification of vascular lesions suggestive of atherosclerosis. The histological slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), blue alcian, periodic acid of Schiffh (PAS) and reticulin of Gomori. In the morphometric analysis 158 arteries were evaluated, and the images were analyzed with the aid of software. The data concerning to the proportion of the lumen area compared to the area of the media tunic were analyzed according to the Beta regression models for rates and proportions. Arterial lesions were observed throughout the farmed period, especially in the vascular wall, with hyperplasia of intima and media tunic, formation of atheromatous plaque, infiltration of foam cells and signs of luminal stenosis. By means of TEM, were observed changes in the structure of coronary, with thickening of endothelium and basement membrane, proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, with accumulation of lipid material subendothelial, cell debris adhered in the basement membrane and presence of pinocytotics vesicles with isolated lysosomes. It was found that fish of the specie Rachycentron canadum farmed in captivity develop arterial lesion of chronic inflammatory degenerative type, and also it was found that the increase in weight gain contributes to the reduction of the lumen area, leading to arterial obstruction.