Análise da restauração passiva por meio de indicadores ecológicos em floresta tropical, Alagoas - Brasil

Abstract

Forest restoration can be conducted through passive initiatives, such as natural regeneration, or active, with human intervention. In other words, it is a process that involves the gradual reconstruction of the forest, acting in the recovery of biodiversity, in the ecosystem and sustainable functioning, including other forms of life besides trees, together or in isolation. Thus, the present study had the general objective of evaluating Passive Restoration by analyzing ecological indicators in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, in the state of Alagoas. Two areas were selected, one in the process of passive restoration (AR) and a fragment of native forest as a Reference Ecosystem, the areas studied belong to a community close to the municipality of Arapiraca. The ecological indicators evaluated were: natural regeneration, litter supply, seed rain, edaphic fauna and pollination, in addition to the phytosociological analysis of tree vegetation. For the analysis of these indicators, 20 permanent plots of 250 m² were installed in each area, containing a sub-plot of 100 m² inside to evaluate the natural regeneration process. For the analysis of litter and seed rain, a 1m² collector was used. At the end, all litter (leaves, fruits, branches and flowers) present in the collection boxes was collected, packed in identified polyethylene bags and these bags were taken to the UFAL Biology Laboratory. The edaphic fauna data were obtained using the PROVID trap, where a bottle was buried in the soil until its edges were buried. The collected organisms were screened and identified at the order level. As a main result, it was observed that the AR differed from the ER only in the diversity of species, both from the arboreal stratum and from the regenerating stratum in the quantity of seeds contributed. As for the litter and edaphic fauna indicators, these did not differ in relation to the reference ecosystem. In view of the results obtained, it was found that the evaluated processes are recovering quickly in the area under restoration, presenting a trajectory that can lead it to the success of passive restoration.