Síndrome do corpo estranho metálico em bovinos : estudo clínico, laboratorial, ultrasonográfico e anatomopatológico

Abstract

Metallic foreign body syndrome is one of the main digestive diseases affecting cattle. The association of clinical examination with complementary, laboratory and ultrasound examinations can help in the establishment of early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, improving the adoption of preventive measures. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic and anatomopathological implications of 37 cattle with foreign body syndrome from the Southern Agreste of Pernambuco. The animals were submitted to clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic examination, being distributed in reticuloperitonitis (GI; n = 21) and reticulopericarditis (GII; n = 16) traumatic, based on anatomopathological findings. Blood samples were taken with or without anticoagulant for blood counts, determination of total plasma protein and plasma fibrinogen, serum obtained for measurement of total protein, albumin, globulins, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), creatinine, urea, cortisol, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), and plasma for glucose and L-lactate determination. The abdominocentesis was productive in eight GI (n = 8) and seven GII (n = 7) animals, allowing the evaluation of physical, cytological and biochemical characteristics of the peritoneal fluid as concentrations of total protein, albumin, GLDH, AST, GGT, glucose and L-lactate. Ultrasonographic images of 18 GI (n = 18) and 12 GII (n = 12) animals were obtained. Results regarding clinical observations, peritoneal fluid analysis, ultrasonographic and anatomopathological findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Hematological, blood biochemical and peritoneal fluid data were analyzed and compared between groups using ANOVA one way and ANOVA F test, with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05%). Both groups showed changes in behavior, appetite, dehydration and temperature variation of 38-39 ° C, however, these characteristics were more expressive in GII animals. The hematological findings showed leukocytosis due to neutrophilia with regenerative left deviation and hyperfibrinogenemia in both groups. Blood biochemical analysis of both groups showed increased globulin and L-lactate concentration and serum GGT, GLDH, CK and CK-MB activity, as well as significant elevation of cTnI in GII cattle. The peritoneal fluid was altered with high protein concentrations and a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells. Among the biochemical variables, L-lactate showed to be an indicator of abdominal alteration. Ultrasound examination allowed visualization of contour irregularity, adhesion, displacement and alteration of motility in reticle in both groups, fluid in the abdominal cavity, pericardial and thoracic cavity in the GII and only abdominal in the GI, besides cardiac and hepatic alterations mainly in the GII and in the GI.The anatomopathological lesions confirmed the ultrasound findings observed in both groups confirming the diagnosis of the syndrome. The severity of the systemic implications of this syndrome justifies the importance of early intervention in a non-invasive way in the accurate and early diagnosis, in the establishment of prognosis and in the adoption of preventive measures aimed at the herd, in order to minimize the economic impact caused by this to the breeding of cattle, especially dairy cattle.