Utilização de métodos quimiométricos na determinação de propriedades e aplicações de lodo industrial do polo têxtil do agreste de Pernambuco

Abstract

The textile laundry is one of the industries that most pollutes the environment, generating large amounts of waste, which are not always properly treated before being discarded in nature. Studies show that industrial waste such as effluents and textile sludge from the laundries located in Brazil and in the rural region of Pernambuco are being released into the environment. The objective of this work is to propose methodologies to verify if it is viable the use of this residue coming from textile industries, since, tons of this material are released into the environment. Within this perspective, analyzes of four sludge samples from different tissue manufacturers in the interior of the State were performed. The sludge was collected and stored for chemical analysis of metals, toxicity, organic matter, pH and electrochemical potential in its composition. The samples were prepared in a solution of water and dried to verify the presence of these metals. Then, factorial planning was carried out, such as analysis of principal components to relate these metals to possible uses, whether in agriculture or in the construction of ceramic blocks, or for sediment analysis. The experiments were used to verify the toxicity of the sludge with the use of ecotoxicological parameters. It is also expected that samples of organic sludge rich in organic compounds as well as heavy metals will be well used in the above mentioned fields. However, such use may be restricted by containing large amounts of metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc, nickel, barium among others. In addition to these characteristics, statistical analyzes of chemometrics such as: PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and tests of metal similarities were performed on these residues. This research was initiated through a literature review with the use of metal chemistry and ecotoxicology to correlate the results with their percentage of metal concentration, considering the evidence that a fraction of organic matter may impair the productive capacity of vegetable crops by a long period of time from decomposition resistant sludge that can co-ordinate with heavy metals.