Skyrmion como estrutura localizada para confinamento da luz em cristais líquidos nemáticos

Abstract

This work aims to present a study about the possibility of confi nement of the light in nematic liquid crystals (NLC), oriented by localized structure known as Skyrmions, whose theoretical model was originally proposed by Tony Skyrme with objective of modeling atomic nuclei by through of topologic solitons. The liquid crystal are anisotropic materials whose general shape of the molecules allows them to function as an orientable medium under certain conditions. Due to the form anisotropy , the vast majority of physics properties of the NLC,s are anisotropy, and taking advantage of several models aimed at controlling the trajectories of the light in NLC's were proposed over the years, as for example, guides, autofocalization effect, lens and among others that explore the optic anisotropy. Recent works have demonstrated the promise of using of Skyrmions in condensed matter physics has been evidence, more precisely in materials such as nematic liquid crystals. Based on the idea of the existence of the Skyrmions in NLC's we try to confi ne the light, through this localized structure, taking into account physical elements like the temperature and the wavelength of the light. Consequently we can prove the con finement of light by means of the localized stricture, observing physical elements such as the temperature and wavelength of ligh.