Estudo da variação temporal da qualidade dos sedimentos do Rio Tatuoca, Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape, Ipojuca - Pernambuco

Abstract

The Tatuoca River is part of the Suape Harbor Industrial Complex (CIPS), which used to be used to grow sugarcane and fishing activities before the construction of the port. In recent years, the river has suffered direct anthropogenic impacts from the port. The present study aims to analyze the quality of Tatuoca River sediments by observing and comparing the evolution of the chemical species present in the collected samples based on metals As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. The research was based on two collections (2010 and 2017) in five points, using percussion sampling (25cm) with 5cm intervals, and application of geochemical indexes (Pollution Loading Index (CPI), Enrichment Factor (FE) and Index Geochemical (IGeo) to assess the environmental quality of the sediment and metals were analyzed by the Geosol-Lakefield Laboratory, and Principal Component Analysis for geochemical association assessment. Based on the results obtained, it was observed that the average of the total concentrations of the analyzed points no metal presented a value higher than the limit established by the Conama 454/12, but Cu and Zn metals exceeded these values in the superficial layer of the sediment in some of the studied points . Regarding the ICP, it ranged from moderately polluted to pollute in both collections. The FE and IGeo were strongly marked by Cu and Zn metals as moderately polluted. The results of the analysis of the sediments comprised 23 chemical elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Ti, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ba, Co, La, Li, Mo, Sr , V, Y and Zr). In this way the PCA revealed that the metals had different behaviors between the collections, being able to be correlated with the period of greater anthropic impact during the construction of the dam. It was possible to conclude that these results delineated zones of greater influence of the elements of different pedological origins, or of existing port activities at the site, that affected the sediments deposited over time in the Tatuoca river. In general, this study contributed to the monitoring of the sediment with the evolution of the time, since the average concentrations of the collected chemical species reduced, and to be correlated with the impacts in the construction of the dam, that is, season in which the river suffered interference direct the activities of the port complex and the shipyard more effectively. Together with this, the port activities and the contribution of the terrigenous material, affect directly in the studied compartment. In view of all the results, it is necessary to periodically monitor the area to avoid and mitigate effects of greater gravity to the environment.