Ocorrência de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMA) em diferentes tipologias florestais do Estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are present in the soil of the most different environments, forming associations with higher plants that in response to this association show an improvement in the nutritional state of the plant and consequently a greater growth. Associations of plants with AMF allows plants to establish themselves even in locations with unfavorable conditions for plants, increasing their survival, as well as helping to restore degraded ecosystems, whose benefits can be even greater when native AMF are used. However there are need knowing the diversity of associations and the ecological role that each species plays in order to elaborate management plans and to improve the techniques of recovery of degraded areas. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the occurrence and diversity of AMF, in different forest typologies of the state of Pernambuco, and to compare the occurrence and diversity of these fungi in Eucalyptus spp. variations between dry and rainy seasons in these environments. Eighty samples of rhizospheric soil were collected, and 20 samples were collected at Eucalyptus spp. and 20 in the native forest of the Experimental Station of Itapirema, IPA in Goiana, 20 soil samples in Eucalyptus spp. of the Petribu Factory, and 20 in the native forest fragment of EECAC of the municipality of Carpina. AMF spore extraction was carried out following the methodology proposed by Gerdemann and Nicolson (1963), followed by centrifugation and suspension in 50% sucrose (JENKINS, 1964.). Diversity, density and frequency analyzes were performed, as well as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison test of means were also analyzed for richness and similarity. Twenty six morphospecies belonging to seven genera of AMF, Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Racocetra, Rhizoglomus, Rhizophagus and Dentiscutata were found. with the highest absolute densities (except for the Eucalyptus spp. planting area of the Petribú Factory, during the rainy season). The areas differed in relation to the period climatic and vegetation type, finding a higher index of diversity in areas of native forest and a greater index of dominance in planting areas. Generally, larger amounts of spores were found in the dry period than in the rainy season.