Plantas medicinais prioritárias para a conservação no município de Águas Belas, Estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

The study aims to demonstrate by a quantitative method, species that require emergency care about your local conservation and availability, in a savanna area located in the Águas Belas city, state of Pernambuco, specifically in a territory belonging to the Indians Fulni- ô. The aim of this research was to establish a comparative approach, which provided us access to understand the current situation of the species accepted as medicinal and thus, establish a temporal comparison of data. The four sites earlier defined in the previous study, were marked with GPS support and a local guide. At the end of this process, were allocated 200 quadrants points in Ouricuri forest. The sample design consisted of creating 10 lines of 50m in each of the four sites, which were installed perpendicular to the main trails and roads that cut through the forest, avoiding border areas and areas affected by the development of the city. The lines have a spacing of 10m from each other, and each 10m along its length, one point was set to sample. Each sample inventoried, had measurements as the distance to the quadrant of the vertex, the diameter at ground level (DNS≥ 3 cm), and also an estimate of your height. 36 taxa were identified, distributed in 16 botanical families, being Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rhamnaceae and Anacardiaceae the most representative. Of the plants sampled in the inventory, 26 received indications for medical use, but only 19 were included in the calculation of the index conservation priorities because they are species sampled in the phytosociological inventory and other collected only to represent the local diversity. This index takes into consideration parameters such as the relative density of the taxon, local importance, diversity of use and timber use. Six species, Anadenanthera colubrina, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Parapiptadenia zenhtneri, Cynophalla flexuosa, Lippia sp. and Maytenus rigida were inserted in category 1 (PC> 80) and classified as species that require a high conservation priority. The other, placed in Category 2 (PC <80> 60) and 3 (PC <60), is the species that generally enjoy a high local availability. The results of this study demonstrate the current situation of conservation of medicinal plants from the indices provided by conservation priorities index. These values are useful for access the protected area condition, since species taken as priority in the previous study continued with high scores, demonstrating that still exists in the area an intense collection events of medical resources and can cause problems in the distribution of some taxa in the near future. From the results, we can conclude that this quantitative method may be able to be reproduced and used in other areas, corresponding to a helpful tool to designate priority species for conservation, due to this reflect a certain effectiveness for use in areas who suffer with uncontrolled extraction of plant resources.