Interação híbridos de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) por sistemas de cultivo

Abstract

The present study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and predict the genotypic values for different characters involved in commercial sweet pepper hybrids, verifying the adaptability and genotypic stability in the conventional tillage and organic, in order to identify the best performing hybrids for each type of system. The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of Luiz Jorge Gama Wanderley - IPA, located in the Greater Region Mata, in Vitoria de Santo Antão - PE, from October 2010 to March 2011. Seven commercial hybrids were evaluated in two cropping systems. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments, six replications and plots consisting of eight useful plants. There are evaluated the following agronomic variables: total weight of fruits (MTF), total number of fruits (NTF), average length of fruit (CMF), average fruit diameter (MFD), number of locules of the fruit (NL) and thickness middle pericarp (PE). The estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values were performed in mixed models via REML / BLUP, using the statistical model and software SELEGEN 21 for individual analysis and the statistical model 151 for the joint analysis of the systems. Selection index based on the sum of the ranks or index Mulamba and Mock (IMM) were used. All characters showed good accuracy in the three tests performed. In conventional systems it was found that the estimates of measure heritability were high for hybrid characters NTF and MTF, ranging from 0.69 to 0.80. For the other traits the average heritability was considered very high, above 90% for CMF, DMF and EP and 89% for the NL character. From the selection index obtained the classification of hybrids with improved performance, the hybrid Solario (Clause), followed by the Atlantis hybrid (Topsed), with absolute sum values equivalent to 10 and 14, respectively. In the organic, system considering the estimates heritability of the average genotype (h2mc), it appears that these were high for the characters TFP and NF respectively, ranging from 0.61 to 0.70. For the others characters evaluated, h2mc was considered high, above 90% for CMF, DMF and EP and 89% for the NL character. Hybrids 1, 5, 7 and 6 showed genotypic values above the average for the characters NTF. For TFP, the hybrids 7, 1, 5 and 2, showed production above the average in this system. By using IMM it was obtained the order of the hybrids with best performance in this system. The Atlantis hybrid (Topsed) and Solario (Clause), with the same sum values, were considered the best ares. In the analysis of two systems the heritability of average genotype (h2mg) was below 80% only for the character NTF, some characters had h2mg close to 100% as CMF and DMF, 99.1% and 98.3% respectively. The genetic correlation between the performance of hybrid systems shows high values of magnitude, indicating that the interaction genotype x systems is low. The hybrid had genotypic effect predicted above average were: for NTF 1, 5, 7 and 6; 7 and 1 to MTF; CMF for 4, 5, 1, 3 and 6 for DMF 7 and 2; to NL 7, 4, 6 and 1, for the hybrid EP 7 and 2. Through IMM, Atlantis hybrid (Topsed) followed by Solario (Clause), got the best selection considering values for all traits, besides good adaptability and stability, and thus can be given for any of the cropping systems of this work.