Extensão rural e desenvolvimento local em comunidades quilombolas – um estudo junto a agricultores e agricultoras familiares, de comunidades quilombolas, nos Municípios de Bom Conselho e Garanhuns, no Estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

Rural Extension and local development in Communities remained from “Quilombos” (maroons societies) is the theme of this search. Problem: find out how the communities from “Quilombos” are being contemplated by the Brazilian government in the sense of building the local development from governmental programs for rural extension. The general objective: investigate how the Brazilian government programmes of technical assistance and rural extension are encouraging the local development of the Communities of remnants from “Quilombos”, from governmental initiatives and programmes and the rural extension and under the point of view of affirmative actions, the social and communitarian capital, the rural extension and local development. Specific Objectives: a) investigate the extent which the “Quilombo” communities are involved in the government‟s planning process to realize/notice the implementation of the technical assistance and rural extension programmes of the Brazilian government in their localities; b) identify in the surveyed communities signs indicating the occurrence of social communitarian capital and how the programs of technical assistance and rural extension, aiming to local development, are contributing to the strengthening of social communitarian capital; c) investigate the main needs pointed by the communities that could be object of government proposals to meet the real needs and desires of the communities remained from “Quilombos”. The theoretical support is based on studies of Albaladejo (2005), Angels (2006), Araujo (2003), Araujo (2006), Bebbington (2005), Beyer (2006), Bourdieu (1993), Brandão (2006), Caporal ( 2006), Cardoso 91997), Carneiro and Nichols (2006), Carril (1997), Cattani (2003), Demo (2006), Durston (2000), Franco (2001), Ferguson (2007), Gomes (2005), Jesus (2003), Lima (2003), Lima (2004), Márques (2007), Martin (2004), Morin (2001), Munanga (2003), Oliveira (2005), and Pena Bertolini (2004), Perrenoud (2000) , Piñeiro (2002), Smith (2003), Quevedo (1999), Ribeiro (1983), Rodrigues (1976), Santos (1995) and Callou, Sawaia (2006), Silva (1986), Simon (2002), Skidmore ( 1976), Valle 2003), and others. The search‟s universe are the Community Angico in Bom Conselho and Community Castainho in Garanhuns, both in the State of Pernambuco. The sample was composed by 26 people, male and female, young and adult, married and unmarried, illiterate and uneducated in formal schools, living in the communities, with active participation or not in communitarian activities. The instruments used in the data collection were: a) documentary research, b) literature, c) the World Wide Web (WWW), d) interviews in the studied area. The methodology consisted in interviews with people from the communities, intending to compare and / or clarify relevant aspects to study. The research results that the the Brazilian government programmes of technical assistance and rural extension, directed to Communities remained from “Quilombos”, are far shorter from the needs of these communities. The initiatives in rural extension from the point of view of affirmative actions, social and communitarian capital, the rural extension and local development seem to be far from to contemplate the communities in their real needs, especially because that the actions are performed in the logic of horizontality.