Parâmetros climáticos e da vegetação em áreas de caatinga e cerrado, como base para prevenção de incêndios florestais, sob linhas de transmissão de energia

Abstract

In this paper we analyzed the parameters related to the climate and vegetation in an area, inserted in Caatinga, in the municipality of Coremas, Paraiba and an area of Cerrado, in Barreiras in Bahia, with the aim of supporting monitoring and prevention forest fires under transmission line belonging to CHESF energy and protection to vegetation areas included in the two biomes studied. For each type of vegetation were launched 10 plots of 10 x 25 m (250 m²) spaced 25 m from each other, totaling an area of study of twenty plots (0.5 ha). Within the plots were numbered, analyzed and identified all individuals with CAP ≥ 10 cm in the two biomes. Were performed in the phytosociological study, quantification of biomass, soil, the wood density, determining the calorific value of the species, in addition to monitoring of meteorological data in order to develop indices of danger by Formula Monte Alegre. Phytosociology was performed based on the following parameters: absolute and relative density, absolute and relative frequency, absolute and relative dominance, importance value and coverage amount. In the phytosociological Caatinga area of individual trees were found 382, 1528 individuals per hectare, and the Croton species argirophylloides showed the highest density parameter related to absolute (664 trees per hectare) to indicate the abundance of the same area . In the Cerrado phytosociological survey indicated the presence of 258 individual trees, 1032 trees per hectare, especially in terms of absolute density species Indigofera suffruticosa (136 individuals per hectare). Quantification of biomass of six species showing the largest absolute density in the area of Caatinga was 8.72 t / ha of biomass and an average of 2.18 t / ha of litter. In the area of Cerrado these values were 1.99 t / ha of biomass and 1.36 t / ha of litter. The most basic density was found for species with Poincianella bracteosa 1.107 g/cm3 in the area of Caatinga and Cerrado Sclerolobium paniculatum with 0.674 g/cm3. The average calorific value of the six species found in the area of Caatinga was situated in 4206.25 kcal.kg-1 and the Cerrado area, the average calorific value was 5044.99 kcal.kg-1. Meteorological data indicated the highest levels of fire danger in the months between June and November in the area of Caatinga and Cerrado May to October. The two areas did not show amounts of biomass that could result in large fires, but it is necessary to more detailed studies regarding fire in both areas, as well as a monitoring of species had a higher biomass contribution site.