Aspectos morfológicos, fisiológicos e bioquímicos do pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) submetido ao déficit hídrico

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to verify alterations in the growth, the gas exchanges and biochemical composition changes of tame nut plants (Jatropha curcas L.) cultivated in greenhouse under water deficiency. The present research was developed in greenhouse of the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of the Agricultural Federal University of Pernambuco, between December of 2008 to June of 2009, with experimental period of 120 days. The plant were propagated seeds proceeding from the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Alagoas - UFAL, in the Rio Largo city , Alagoas State, situated around ' 57,3' the geographic coordinates 09º 27'' 57,4' S and 35º 49' W. The seeds had been ece of fishes to germinate in trays with capacity for 17 kg of ground. The same ones had been used dumb with 25 days of age had been transferred to vases contend 11kg of ground, classified as Neossolo Regolitico, coming from the Experimental Station of the IPA (Company Pernambucana de Farming Pesquisa), in the city of Caruaru/PE collected in two depths of 0-20 and 20- 40 cm, placing in in layers vases overlapped to simulate the natural conditions of caatinga. The experimental delineation entirely was casualizado with four water levels in the ground: 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% of the pot capacity (CP) with six repetitions. To each fifteen days had been evaluated height of the plant, leaf number, diameter of caule. To the end of the experimental period, the foliar area, the reason of foliar area, the production of dry substance of leves, caule, roots and total had been determined and the allocation of biomass for leves, caule and roots. The leaf water potential, the relative water text was evaluated at three times (60, 90 and 120 days after the differentiation) in two schedules of evaluation 4h (antemanhã) and to the noon. Daily they had been taken measured by the temperature and relative humidity of air in the interior of the house of vegetation for I calculate it of the deficit of water vapor pressure. Also a daily course was made to identify the schedule of bigger estomática opening of the species. At the three times of evaluation they had been also made you analyze biochemists (free amino acids, soluble proteins, soluble carbohydrates and free prolina) and had been evaluated texts of clorofilas, b, carotenóides in same leves used for the foliar hídrico potential. The hídrico deficit affected in the 0 variable of growth in the treatments with 60% and 40% CP in leaf number, diamerter of stem and height of the plant in relation to the plants with 100% CP, being able to be observed significant differences in the total dry substance, allocation of biomass of the root, caule and leves also in the treatments with 60 and 40% of field capacity. In relation the gaseous exchanges presented values significant for the studied 0 variable Tfol x Ur x DPV and and x Rs to the 90 days, in the submitted plants 60% and 40% of the capacity of field in relation to the plant has controlled. Significant differences in the organic solutos for the treatments had been observed most severe, also o CP urring with the leaf water potentil at the three times of evaluation, what it evidences that the species in situation of estres a CP umulates organic solutos and consequently diminishes the leaf water potentil. The Jatropha when submitted the water levels below of 60% CP, it has its compromised development, however the species does not paralyze its growth.