Bioprotetor com bactéria diazotrófica e quitosana fúngica em comparação com fertilizante mineral solúvel na uva Isabel

Abstract

The grapes Vitis labrusca contributes activily for the Brazilian development social and economic, particularly in reference to the semiarid region of the médium San Francisco Irrigated area. To the improvement of the grape productivity is necessary the fertilizers application. Actually is recognized that the chitosan biopolymer has specific properties that display great potential for application to obtain various commercial products, especially due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and reativity inerent to the aminic group. The chitosan may be applied in agriculture for plant protection against phytophatogenic agents. Assays “in vitro” were carried out with the aim to characterize and evaluate the effects of shrimp chitosan produced with different molecular weight (low, medium and high) against the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea that promote the “Gray mold disease” on grape fruits. At the same time it was produced the bioprotector (P) from P and K rock biofertilizers mixed with organic matter inoculated with free living diazotrophic bacteria and with the fungi Cunninghamella elegans that produce the biopolymer chitosan that act increasing nutrient content and protect the plants against phitopatogens, and may be alternative furnishing nutrients and substitute the conventional fertilizers. In field experiments conductes at the Fine wine viniculture (Bottiecelli Company), were evaluated the effects of the bioprotector (P) in chemical soil attributes and in the grape yield, comparing the bioprotector effect (P) with the mineral soluble fertilizer (F). It was also evaluated the grape nutrition that constitute one of the most important factor that have influence on the yield parameter, especially for macronutrients. In a general way, the results showed that the bioprotector (P) may be alternative in substitution for conventional soluble fertilizers, because displayed great liberation of nutrients to the soil system and for the plants, and also present potential for antimicrobial use, in special against the Botrytis cinerea fungi that produce gray mold disease in grape fruits.