Identificação de oportunidades de inserção dos produtos da agroindústria do semiárido brasileiro no mercado externo

Abstract

The research investigated export opportunities for agro-industrial production in Brazil’s semi-arid region in order to identify potential markets for expansion. Given the region's challenging climate conditions, it requires strategic and sustainable investments to maximize its agribusiness potential. The analysis focused on key commercial indicators such as the Trade Complementarity Index (ICC) and the Trade Effectiveness Index (IEC) to uncover underutilized products in foreign trade. Additionally, the study employed the Constant Market Share (CMS) method to assess competitiveness in international trade. Using the Harmonized System, products were identified at a disaggregated four-digit level, and trade dynamics were evaluated from 2000 to 2022 in comparison to major global importers, trade blocs, and other aggregates. The calculations and comparison of these results made it possible to point out that the semiarid region contributes 11% of the Gross Added Value of the country's agriculture, as well as 11% of the personnel employed in Brazilian agroindustry, but only 1.59% of exports of agroindustrial items at a Brazilian level. The opportunities found indicate agro-industrial products in which the semi-arid region could expand its exports, as well as markets that could have their access expanded, with potential growth projections of four to five times the current reality. This provides valuable insights for designing trade policies that could foster economic development in the region. In addition to the economic benefits associated with the expansion of agro-industrial exports, the opportunities can boost the sustainable development of the region. Investment in food production not only responds to growing market demand, but, through the adoption of advanced technologies, aligns with one of the sustainability goals: the eradication of hunger, contributing to food safety.