Soroprevalência da infecção por alphaherpesvirus bovino 1 (BoAHV-1), vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV), vírus de Schmallenberg (SBV) e Leptospira spp. em bovinos no estado de Alagoas, Brasil

Abstract

The objective of this research was to conduct a study of the seroprevalence of coexistence by Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Schmallenberg Virus (SBV) and Leptospira spp. in cattle raised in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. A total of 460 samples from the Agricultural Defense Agency of Alagoas (ADEAL) were observed, procedures of unvaccinated cattle from 100 properties distributed in 99 municipalities in Alagoas and in the three mesoregions: Agreste, Leste and Sertão. The serological diagnosis was performed with commercial indirect Immunoenzymatic Assay (ELISA) kits for researching anti-BoAHV-1, BVDV media and indirect and competitive ELISA for researching anti-SBV media and by means of the Microscopic Agglutination Test (SAM) for anti-Leptospira spp suffering research. There was a seroprevalence of 75% (345/460) for BoAHV-1, 53.3% (245/460) for BVDV, 36.5% (168/460) for Leptospira spp. It was observed that 0.87% (4/460) of the samples were suspicious in the indirect ELISA for BLS. Of these, only 0.02% (1/460) remain suspected after completion of the competitive ELISA. No sample was positive, which suggests that there was no viral circulation in the analyzed herds. The variation in prevalence by property in each mesoregion ranged from 85.1% (21/24) to 93.8% (46/49) for BoAHV-1; 70.3% (19/27) to 83.3% (20/24) for BVDV and 65.3% (32/49) to 83.3% (20/24) for Leptospira spp. There was a higher seropositivity for BoAHV-1, BVDV and Leptospira spp., 61.0% (212/345) and 61.0% (148/245), 52.3% (88/188) respectively, in animals from from the East mesoregion, with a significant association for BoAHV-1 and BVDV (p<0.005). Co-infection of BoAHV-1 and BVDV was present in 45% (206/460) of samples of samples, BoAHV-1 and Leptospira spp. in 26.52% (122/460), BVDV and Leptospira spp. 20.22% (93/460), and BoAHV-1, BVDV and Leptospira spp. 16.96% (78/460). The serovars of Leptospira spp. most prevalent were Tarassovi (19.56%; 90/460), Wolffi (15.87%; 73/460), Prajtino (15.22%; 70/460) and Bovis (13.26%; 61/460) . Suggest the integrated action of the official defense agencies with the implementation of a specific health program for infections by BoAHV-1, BVDV and Leptospira spp., aiming at monitoring, the gradual elimination of positive animals, implementation of a vaccination program and application of biosecurity measures, to minimize psychological and health impacts on herds in the state of Alagoas. Strengthening regional surveillance and control strategies for emerging pathogens is needed. The constant performance of epidemiological studies in ruminants and detection of SBV in ruminants and vectors is important to confirm the circulation of the agent and detect it early in case of introduction in the country, minimizing health and sanitary impacts.