Intoxicações exógenas: análise situacional e educação em saúde na V Região de Saúde no estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe the situational analysis of exogenous intoxications and to carry out health education actions in the municipalities belonging to the V Health Region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. A descriptive quantitative and qualitative epidemiological study was carried out. In the first stage, data from the Information System on Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and the Information System on Mortality (SIM), from 2008 to 2018 on exogenous intoxications, were analyzed. To describe the perception of health professionals about exogenous intoxications, a self administered questionnaire was used, with questions about detection and notification of exogenous intoxications. Based on the information obtained, a health education action was carried out aimed at professionals on the subject. It was found that among the reported cases of exogenous intoxication, 46.57% (964/2070) were male and 53.43% (1106/2070) were female. Despite the higher proportions of cases registered in the age groups from 10 to 19 years old (20.73%), 20 to 39 years old (45.32%), 40 to 59 years old (17.63%), a significant difference was observed only in the age groups from 10 to 19 years old (p value: < 0.001) and 40 to 59 years old (p value: 0.003). Medications were the most frequently reported toxic agent in intoxications (35.12%; 727/2070), the main route of exposure was the digestive tract (77.58%; 1606/2070) and suicide attempts as a circumstance of intoxications were reported in 29.86% (618/2070) of the cases. Regarding the clinical evolution, 44 cases registered in SINAN evolved to death, while in SIM, 68 deaths from intoxications were identified in the period from 2008 to 2018. Among the 142 higher education health professionals who participated in the study, 74.64% (106/142) claimed to know the exogenous intoxication notification form, 95.07% (135/142) reported that it is mandatory notification and 98.59% (140/142) recognized the importance of filling in the occupation variable. Among the 137 Endemic Combat Agents (ACE) who participated in the study, 62.05% (85/137) were male, 99.3% (136/137) use pesticides/chemicals in work activities, 64 .24% (89/137) are in the age group between 21 and 40 years old, 40.88% (56/137) have more than 10 years of work, 83.22% (114/137) said they use Personal Protective Equipment and 75.18% (103/137) were tested for cholinesterase levels. For the surveillance and prevention of any disease or illness, it is necessary, in addition to passive surveillance actions by monitoring notification data, to establish partnerships with Primary Care and proactively act in the territories, since the data presented in this study support planning in health and reaffirm the need for action and monitoring in a oriented and integrated health care network, through intersectoral actions between Health Surveillance and Primary Care.