Interação fauna x flora: interação alimentar entre bicho-preguiça Bradypus variegatus Schinz 1825 em cativeiro e Cecropia pachystachya Trécul 1847 embaúba

Abstract

This research was carried out in the Dois Irmãos State Park (PEDI), Recife, Pernambuco. Five sloths of the species Bradypus variegatus Schinz 1825, known as brown-throated sloths, in captivity or semi-captivity condition were used. The representatives of this species, in freedom, feed on a varied arrangement of plants, however there is a preference for species of the genus Cecropia. This work had as general objective: to evaluate the feed interaction between Bradypus variegatus in captivity and Cecropia pachystachya, and as specific objectives: to describe the hematological and biochemical patterns, the phytochemical profile and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the extract against bacteria obtained from cows with clinical, and subclinical mastitis. Descriptions of reference parameters for hematological and serum biochemical levels were performed in five animals feeding on Cecropia pachystachya, called phase 1, in alternating periods with phase 2 free diet. The parameters were, respectively: erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume-MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin-CHCM, range of distribution of red blood cells-RDW, leukocytes, rod neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets and alanine aminotransferase-ALT, aspartate aminotransferase-AST, aspartate aminotransferase-AST ℽ-glutamyltransferase-GGT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid and albumin. For hematology, erythrocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin were statistically significant and Phase 2 indices were higher in both, for these variables, when compared to Phase 1. In the case of platelets, Phase 2 had higher levels than those observed for Phase 1. It was possible to observe that the liver function enzymes ALT and GGT were lower in Phase 1 when compared to Phase 2 and AST showed an inverse behavior, being higher in Phase 1. Although not statistically significant, it is possible to observe that cholesterol indices and fraction HDL tends to be higher for Stage 1 animals compared to Stage 2; can be correlated with an elevation of triglycerides in Phase 1. Along with liver function, renal function was also significant between phases. Urea and creatinine had lower values in Phase 1. Phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of saponin, terpenes, volatile oils, glycosylated flavonoids, triterpenes, flavonoids, anglicones and tannins. Regarding the bacteria, the following were tested: Escherichia coli, (2) Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus spp. (2), Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus spp. (3), the crude hydroalcoholic extract under study, showed inhibitory activity against the tested isolates, resulting from the bacteriostatic effect of the extract components.