Epidemiologia molecular de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis em amostras biológicas de bovinos, bubalinos e queijo tipo coalho

Abstract

Paratuberculosis is a worldwide disease of great economic impact and incurable in ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). There is also suspicion of the involvement of this bacterium with diseases in humans such as Crohn's disease. The objective of this research was to conduct a study of molecular epidemiology of MAP in cattle herds, buffalo and coalho cheese samples from those species. A total of 109 samples of feces and tissues from bovines and buffalos suspected of paratuberculosis were collected. 25 samples were positive in the detection of the DNA of the IS900 region of MAP and it was possible to type 18 strains in the analysis of the region IS1311, being 100% of them identified as type Cattle subtype Bison. Forty samples of artisanal coalho cheese produced with bovine milk were analyzed for MAP DNA detection by the Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) technique for detection of the MAP region IS900, from those, 11/40 (27.5%) were positive. Also, two samples of coalho cheese produced with buffalo milk were analyzed for isolation and typing of MAP, one of which was positive in culture and PCR and typified as belonging to type Cattle subtype Bison. The results of this study strengthen the data about MAP dissemination in some regions of Brazil in cattle and buffaloes and of an unprecedented way identifies the occurrence of subtype Bison strain of MAP in these species in the country. The occurrence of MAP DNA in coalho cheese produced with cow's milk and the occurrence of viable MAP in buffalo coalho cheese in the northeast region of Brazil is also recorded. The results obtained in this study support the implementation of paratuberculosis control strategies in the country.