Proposta para reutilização de corantes da indústria têxtil através da aplicação de nanomateriais em processos adsortivos por meio da celulose bacteriana

Abstract

Currently, the state of the environment has demonstrated how important/vital it is to invest in technologies that work with systems that allow the reuse or disposal of products, since technologies are aimed at greater sustainability, either by reducing the load of pollutants and effluents or reusing these environmental liabilities in a practical application, generating savings. Thus, to mitigate the environmental impacts of the production of dyes and organic pigments from the chemical processes existing within the textile industry, between its molecule and its synthesis, this work sought to investigate the structural and morphological properties of the bioadsorbent, for application in adsorptive processes in the generation of a by-product and promoting the characterization of synthetic commercial dyes. As a bioadsorbent material, bacterial cellulose was used as an alternative method of removing dyes through adsorption, functioning as an absorbent capable of separating effectively due to its purity, elasticity, and biocompatibility. To analyze the adsorption parameters made by bacterial cellulose, the study methodology used was the UV/Vis analysis, ICP-OES, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Thus, it was analyzed how much the use of recyclable technologies can promote a new way of using dyes, since nanofiltration can be contemplated by the membrane separation technique, which implies the promotion of sustainability. As results obtained, it was observed that the textile dyes, through the adsorption kinetics, presented a removal rate for C8 of approximately 16%, for C10. Adsorption kinetics can be well expressed by the pseudo-second order model, indicating the importance of chemical adsorption in the process. When carrying out the Thermogravimetric Analysis, it was noticed that the bacterial cellulose begins to lose its structural stability at 360ºC, reaching the apex at 555ºC, disappearing from the experiment, forming a subdye for reuse in a new dyeing process. In this way, it was concluded that with the amount of metals identified in the chemical composition of the dye, it is pointed out how important the use of bacterial cellulose was, also, in the promotion of disposal, since the metal develops resistance to the environment, and likewise would be a source of inorganic pollutant with high mobility and high toxicity. After analyzing the data, the result is the importance of Bacterial Cellulose (BC) in the removal of dyes in textile industrial effluents, as it degrades at a certain temperature and the dye becomes purified to be reused, thus protecting the environment and human health.