Potencial biológico do extrato e das frações da semente de Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (Jaqueira)

Abstract

Artocarpus heterophyllus is a large tree, popularly known as jackfruit, rich in carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, lipids and secondary compounds. Phenolic compounds, examples of secondary compounds, are known for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. A. heterophyllus, in Brazil, is not mentioned as a medicinal plant, but it has compounds that may indicate unknown biological activity, since the work using the plant is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, to evaluate the presence of some classes of secondary metabolites with the performance of a phytochemical screening, to quantify the content of phenolic compounds and to evaluate the cytotoxic capacity and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract and aqueous fractions. , chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane of A. heterophyllus The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five bacterial strains was determined, measured from the percentage of inhibition of bacterial growth in a 96-well plate. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by the methods of elimination of the radical 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl, superoxide and chelation of iron and copper, in different concentrations. Through screening it was possible to identify the presence of phenols, xanthones and flavones. The total phenolic content varied between 6.50 and 424.10 mg.mL-1, the highest phenolic content was found in the ethanolic extract. The extract and the fractions showed antibacterial activity against the tested strains. All samples showed some antioxidant activity. The chloroform fraction showed moderate levels of cytotoxicity, and the other samples showed low levels of cytotoxicity. A. heterophyllus extract and fractions have antioxidant and antibacterial potential and can be useful in the food and pharmaceutical industry.