Perspectivas de futuro de adolescentes participantes de um projeto social: compreendendo os sentidos das amizades

Abstract

This research aimed to understand how adolescents, participants of a social project in the outskirts of Recife-PE, produce meaning for friendships in their future perspectives. To this end, a problematization is made between the terms adolescence and youth beyond the age factors, in which the dilemmas of postmodern society can be addressed, through the concepts of "liquid modernity", exposed by Bauman (2015), and the concept of "tribes", by Maffesoli (1998). It is also based on a cultural-historical approach in psychology and education, which conceives human development as linguistically constituted in social interactions. In this way, a bibliographical survey of recent studies on friendship, future perspectives, and social projects, related to youth and adolescence, was carried out in order to reflect on the dynamics of affections among these subjects. This is an eminently qualitative research, with characteristics of virtual ethnography, which occurred through the realization of an online focus group, conducted with five adolescents from a social project located in the outskirts of the city of Recife-PE. Through dialogic discourse analysis, based on Bakhtin's circle, it was possible to verify the relations of alterity, through discursive categories that show the social voices in the statements. The results of this research point to a connection between aspects of friendship relations with the future perspectives of adolescents, permeated by dialogical relations of uncertainty, insecurity, and hopelessness. It was also possible to identify an unstable movement in friendship relations, as well as immediacy regarding the future. Despite this, the relationship with the world is strongly influenced by otherness, and friends and significant people from the social group to which they belong, such as educators from the social project, favor dialogical relationships with prospects of more confidence in relation to the future.