Estudo comparativo entre os métodos AHP e ANP para classificação de acumuladores de energia elétrica aplicados a recursos energéticos distribuídos

Abstract

With the growth in the use of electricity in different sectors of society each year, when analyzing the global and Brazilian situation, this growth is accompanied by different forms of energy generation, whether centralized or distributed. Distributed generation (DG) has become an alternative for the electrical power system not to be overloaded. On the other hand, intermittent sources of DG (such as solar and wind) have restrictions on the generation of electricity due to the availability of primary energy, which reduces the generation potential. In this way, the integration of electric energy accumulators to the DG has been adopted as a solution to increase this potential, for example, storing the surplus of generated energy, in relation to the demand, to supply it to the electric grid during times of peak load or loads close to the center of GD. In this context, aiming to define and classify the most suitable accumulator technologies for DG, this dissertation presents a careful analysis of the operational and constructive characteristics of energy accumulators, in terms of investment cost, efficiency, specific energy, among others. In addition, the application segments of accumulators in DG were considered, which can be highlighted in: very short and short-term application. To this end, hierarchical methods and multicriteria decision making, such as the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), have been extensively explored in the literature for classifying accumulators in various applications. However, the use of the analytical network process (ANP), which is a generalization of the AHP, and which includes the interrelation between the criteria/aspects under analysis, has been little explored. Therefore, the application of the ANP in the characterization and classification of accumulator technologies in the DG context was proposed. As a result, after surveying and defining the criteria and alternatives, building the layers of the ANP and determining the weights of the criteria, the VRB technology obtained the highest global weight for very short-term application, while the Li-Ion technology obtained the highest global weight for short-term application. In addition, the result obtained by the ANP was compared to the result of the AHP under the same analyzed scenario.