Detecção da infecção de rotavírus, coronavírus, enterobactérias, Leptospira spp., Brucella abortus e Toxoplasma gondii em peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus) em cativeiro no Brasil

Abstract

The manatee (Trichechus manatus) is one of the most endangered Brazilian aquatic mammal species. The rescue and rehabilitation in captivity are important tools for the wildlife conservation. The National Center for Research and Conservation of Aquatic Mammals (CMA) is responsible for the rehabilitation and release of these animals. In Brazil, there are three different kinds of manatee captivities, one for rehabilitation and two locates are environmental captivities for animal adaptation in the nature before to release. The present work had the porpoise to analyze the select pathogens and the survival captive manatee in Brazil. From 2003 to 2013 were collected manatee’s biological samples, such as serum, feces and rectal, nostrils, oral, nasal and genital swabs.. The animal captive in CRAS/PE during 1987 unitl 2013 was analyzed survival, mortality and prevalence. In animals researched we verified the presence of rotavirus in 55% (10/18), enterobactericeae in 66,7% (20/30) with predominance enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in 11 samples of 16 examined. The antibiotical resistance test 67,4% (426/632) was resistance in one or more antibiotic. We found antibodies Leptospira spp. in 9.2% (5/54) and the most prevalent serovars were Australis, Autumnalis, Bataviae, Brastislava e Icterohaemorrhagiae, Antibodies Brucella abortus with the agglutination test in 10,4% (6/58) however all animals was negative in Complement fixation test being all animals was negative. Antibodies Toxoplasma gondii in 10,9% (6/54). Samonella spp. and rotavirus were not isolated. Survival analysis indicated a higher tendency to cause the death of calves and younger animal to four years old and the release of the animals to eight years. We confirmed the success of rehabilitation activities and the importance for the manatee conservation, however the positives for the selected agents demonstrated the need to adopt biosecurity measures and health control of the animals. This is the first repot about rotavirus, seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis and brucellosis, the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and the survival analyses in captive Antillean manatee in Brazil.