Determinação de disruptores endócrinos (bisfenol A e ftalatos) em utensílios e brinquedos para lactentes usando HPLC-UV-VIS e estudo de bioacessibilidade

Abstract

Bisphenol A and phthalates are chemical compounds used in the production of polymers. Studies show that these compounds are endocrine disruptors and when in contact with the body affect the hormonal system, generating various health problems to the individual. Thus, this research aims to develop a method for the determination of bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalates (DBP), bis-2-ethylhexyl (DEHP), di-n-octyl (DNOP) and diisodecyl (DIDP) in utensils and toys intended for infants, as well as to evaluate the bioaccessibility of these compounds in artificial saliva. For this, ultrasound assisted liquid extraction and detection on HPLC-UV-VIS at 230 nm were performed. Gradient elution was performed with a binary mixture of methanol (solvent B) and deionized water (solvent A) ranging from 70% B to 93% B from 3 min to 5 min at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. The column used was Agilent C18 and had a total elution time of 20 min. After establishing the analysis parameters, the method was validated, finding detection limits of 0.003 to 0.051 mg L-1 and quantitation limits of 0.011 to 0.155 mg L-1 for bisphenol A and phthalates analyzed. Extraction in an ultrasonic system was performed with chloroform and optimized with a factorial design 24, where optimal conditions were defined as 1.50 g of sample in 10 mL of chloroform, with ultrasound extraction time of 20 min at 65 °C. Matrix effect tests showed that the method does not suffer this type of interference and recovery studies showed values from 73.2 to 103 %. Ten commercially acquired samples from the city of Recife-PE were analyzed, and the results presented phthalate concentration values between 0.101 and 30.808 mg Kg-1, being considered below the limits established by ANVISA, and bisphenol A concentration values between 0.060 and 21.131 mg Kg-1. Migration tests with artificial saliva were performed and the results showed that all samples presented bisphenol A migrations in concentrations allowed by the current legislation. In nine samples, DBP migration values were detected above those allowed by ANVISA. One of the samples analyzed revealed inconsistencies in the packaging information as it claimed to have no phthalates. The proposed method has been shown to be suitable for analysis of endocrine disruptors in utensils and toys intended for infants within the parameters required by ANVISA.