Uso da moringa oleífera na alimentação de frango de corte e galinhas poedeiras

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the apparent digestibility, ileal and metabolizable energy of Moringa oleifera leaf meal for laying hens; and the maximum inclusion level of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in broiler diets of heavy breed without altering the performance of the animals and digestibility of the rations. For the test of laying metabolism, 60 laying hens of the 36-week-old Dekalb White lineage were housed in cages and distributed in a completely randomized design with two birds per cage, five treatments and six replicates. A Reference ration and 4 test diets with substitution of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of the ration for the Moringa leaves flour (FFM) were used. For the determination of metabolizable values and their coefficients the diet consumption was calculated. To determine the ileal digestibility, at the end of the experiment the birds were slaughtered by cervical dislocation. From the results of the laboratory analyzes, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) were calculated for apparent digestibility, ileal and Moringa digestibility values. For the evaluation of broiler chicken, two experiments were carried out: 42 days of performance, where the following parameters were evaluated: average weight (AW), feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and carcass yield. The metabolism experiment had duration of 11 days (7 adaptation and 4 of collection) and the apparent digestibility of the rations was evaluated. The treatments for two chicken broiler experiments were: One reference diet and four said tests with inclusion levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20% FFM. Thus, the research was carried out in three stages and the statistical analyzes were carried out with the aid of the SISVAR program. The results were submitted to a 5% probability regression analysis. In the coefficients of digestibility of the rations for laying hens we have for the apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein (PBAM), the best level of determination was 10.27%. However, the results for the dry matter digestibility coefficient (MDAM) and crude energy (GEAM) were significant for a linear regression equation. In relation to the moringa coefficients, the dry matter coefficient (CMD) did not obtain significant results, for the coefficients of the protein (CPB), gross energy coefficient (CGE), EMA and EMAn were found lower coefficients in the highest levels of inclusion of Moringa. In the period from 1 to 42 days for AW,PI and WG, the results were similar in all phases, where at the highest levels of inclusion were found lower values. Already the CA grew as the FFM level increased. The productive efficiency index (IEP) decreased in the higher inclusions, because in addition to presenting worse performance, we also found a higher mortality rate. The carcass and thigh with overcoat yields presented significant results to the linear regression equation. In contrast the wings to the linear equation increasing and the yields of the chest and abdominal fat the results were not significant. In the evaluation of organ and gastrointestinal tract weight, the results found were not significant for Bursa de fabricius, spleen, total empty gastrointestinal tract, potato, pro-ventricle and full gizzard. In relation to the results obtained in the digestibility experiment of broiler chicken diets, the results found were not significant for all evaluated parameters. Indicating that FFM feeds were metabolized by animals in a similar manner in all treatments. It was concluded for laying hens the rations with up to 20% substitution of the reference ration by the Moringa leaves flour did not influence the EMA and EMAn of the diets. However, the level of 5% shows maximum use in all variables studied. At this level the FFM metabolizable energy value is 3014 kcal / kg. For broiler chickens, the use of FFM caused a decrease in all the performance parameters (AW, PI and WG) in the period from 1 to 42 days. On the digestibility of the rations performed from 42 to 53 days of age, FFM did not alter the digestibility of the rations and the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract of the animals.