Mecanismos de conservação do manguezal da Baía do Sueste, Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco (Brasil)

Abstract

The mangrove ecosystem has suffered environmental degradation over the years, this reality changes the ecosystemic balance. In view of this, the present work has the objective of assisting in the preservation of the environmental quality of the mangrove of the Bay of Southeast, Fernando de Noronha - PE, regarding the fixation of the dunes, monitoring water quality and identification of bioindicator organisms. To this end, bibliographical studies and environmental quality assessment were carried out with the evaluation of the potential environmental impacts caused by the anthropic actions, through the qualitative matrix and quantitative matrix adapted from Tommasi, environmental perception of the inhabitants and tourists of the Archipelago, with the application of a Likert-type questionnaire and analysis of the data by means of statistical tests (linear correlation matrix, hierarchical grouping analysis and analysis of principal components) and analysis of the physico-chemical parameters of the rainy season. For the analysis of ideal species as bioindicators a bibliographic study was carried out with two species, Lacuncularia racemosa and Leucaena leucocephala, through the adaptation of the Johnson methodology. A spatial and temporal analysis was carried out from 1986 to 2016, from satellite and orthophoto images, verifying areas in the vicinity of the mangrove that could have an area invaded by dunes, as well as mapping the topographic features of the beach of the Southeast Bay, evaluating the sediment movement between dry and rainy seasons. The results highlight that the anthropic actions, operation of the dam, road and tourist activities, have an impact on the mangrove of the Bay of Southeast. The residents and tourists have different perceptions regarding the place studied. The species Laguncularia Racemosa can be used as a bioindicator of environmental quality. There was an increase in the vegetation of the mangrove and vegetation growth on the dune bodies, being the dunes currently fixed. The topographic profiles showed a variation in sediment movement, and it is necessary to carry out other campaigns to better understand this dynamics. Further studies on the elements evidenced in this research are recommended, since it makes it possible to obtain more complete data and, consequently, to carry out a more precise diagnosis, which could assist in the development of an Environmental Management Plan for the area.