Avaliação de impactos, vulnerabilidades e estratégias de adaptação às mudanças climáticas no semiárido pernambucano, estudo de caso do APL de agricultura familiar no Perímetro Irrigado do Moxotó - PIMOX, Sertão do Moxotó (Ibimirim - PE)

Abstract

The Northeast is part of the Brazilian regions that may be intensely under the effects of climate change. The region is predominantly semiarid, with long periods of water scarcity, aggravated by desertification and salinization. Looking for ways with an understanding of the modus operandis of the population, especially of family farmers, understanding ways of adapting these to environmental changes, is fundamental to the sustainability of the region. The document is structured with the compilation of the three scientific papers, resulting from the studies. The first one deals with a survey of the scientific production on climatic changes in the Brazilian semiarid, using techniques of bibliometry and textual statistics. Brazil led the number of publications when compared to all the countries involved. However, international institutions have achieved considerable scientific output, demonstrating the existence of partnerships between researchers and international institutions. The following article evaluated the environmental perception of the familiar farmers about the research topic, using adapted Likert scale. Applying the Factorial Analysis of the data and criteria of factor extraction, there were the retention of two factors capable of explaining the variance. There are variables that presented correlation, and these were ratified by the literature. In this way, the choice of variables can be guided by statistical analysis, raising the quality of environmental perception surveys, such as the efficiency of the data collection effort. The third article discusses the interviews with institutions present Moxotó Irrigated Perimeter about the vulnerabilities and strategies of adaptation of the familiar farmers to the climatic changes. All the data were guiding for a discussion of public policies, where it was noticed that, despite a legal framework that supports the family farmers, the effectiveness of these rights has not been reached. The use of Social Technologies can minimize the problems of food, nutritional and water insecurity in the semi-arid region through the use of low-impact technologies, as well as providing forms of exploitation of natural resources in a sustainable way. There are cases of success in this use, requiring financing and multiplication mechanisms for the replicability of these. The present study aims to be a guideline for raising the quality of life of semiarid farmers, seeking to reflect possibilities of adaptation to climate change.