Resolução de problemas aditivos de ordem inversa: proposta de ensino em contexto significativo de jogo por meio de um suporte representacional

Abstract

By means of this experimental character research, the contribution of a teaching methodology developed was analyzed in order to foster a better student’comprehension of inverse order adding problem, based on Gérard Vergnaud’s Conceptual Fields Theory, focusing especially Adding Structures. The research corpus was made up of a fourth grade group of students, from an elementary school municipality system in the city of Carpina-PE. Twenty four students were selected who faced difficulties in relational calculus. Those students were divided into four distinct experimental groups that participated of diverse intervenient tasks: G1 – used math diagrams; G2 – used Carta Misteriosa game (search creation); G3 – used math diagrams and Carta Misteriosa game; G4 – controlled group. The students answered a pre-testing sample composed of problems whose initial values were unknown and unknown transformation problems, in situations of increasing and decreasing. Once the stage of intervenient tasks was done, students answered a post-testing with analogous problems as in the pre-testing. The results of data analysis, quantitative and qualitative, have indicated different performances within groups analyzed in the post-testing, thus, pinpointing that the group G3 with better scores was the one that went through a more meaningful contextualizing game intervention in addition to supportive symbolic representation systems – math diagram. The main contribution of this study emphasizes the necessity that teachers should create opportunities, so that students, get to know a better variety of situational and resource representations that will help students understand and develop the adding reasoning skills. All in all, based on this study, teachers can develop a math project which may turn classes into a more significant and interactive (as the game here indicated) tool through applying distinct forms of symbolic representation systems.