Relações entre atributos físicos e biológicos do solo após operações de colheita e aplicação de vinhaça em cana-de-açúcar

Abstract

It was evaluated changes on physical and biological soil properties due to harvest and stillage application in a sugarcane intensively cultivated area in North Mata of Pernambuco. Evaluations based on soil humidity and density, resistance to compactness, porosity, granulometry, particle density, and trophic structure of nematode community. Evaluations were carried out before and after both sugarcane cut and stillage application. Horizontally, samples were colleted in 42 points within a 60×50 m square. Vertically, in each point, samples were colleted 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm deep. Plant parasitic nematodes were the most abundant in all sampling periods, particularly Meloidogyne and Criconemella. Within plant parasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne presented positive correlation with bacterial feeders and omnivorous before and after harvest, and with Pratylenchus and Criconemella in all periods. Within physical variables, soil humidity, porosity and density were influenced by harvest andstillage appliacation. Harvest affected Mononchidae and Cephalobidae directily, but Xiphinema and Criconemella inversely. Stillage decreased Dorilaymidae and Meloidogyne density, in contrast to the increase on Rhabditidae and Cephalobidae. In general, nematode density decreased along with deep. The higher densities occur from 0 to 20 cm. The taxa did not vary significatively after harvest or stillage application in soil. There was little variation in physical properties due to deep, except in sand and silt content, which presented inverse response. Stillage adition decreased soil density in contrast to porosity and humidity increases.