Avaliação de fungos entomopatogênicos para o controle de Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em pepino Cucumis sativus L. e desenvolvimento de um inseticida à base de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill

Abstract

Cucumber crop has its production affected by the attack of the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which colonizes the plant throughout all developmental stages. The use of chemical insecticides to control it has generated serious problems such as the emergence of resistant populations to the active ingredients used. This work aimed to evaluate fungus preparations based on entomopathogenic to control this insect pest in cucumber plants, and develop an insecticide the base of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Under laboratory conditions, the three most promising isolates were tested, CG 864, PL 63 and IBCB 66,with five concentrations of conidia (1x105, 1x106, 1x107, 1x108 and 1x109 conidia / ml) and control (sterile water + Tween 80) . In the third stage of the experiments studies were conducted involving two preparations of biological insecticide: a) an aqueous suspension [pure conidia of B. bassiana 864 CG + 0.01% Tween 80; used as a standard] b) formulation of oil dispersion [conidia pure vegetable oil emulsifiable +] CG 864 isolated, and diluted with water for spraying the concentrations of 0.5; 1; 2 and 4% oil. The fungus preparations were standardized to have 1.0 x 107 spores / mL in applied spray. Isolates of the fungus B. bassiana were more virulent aphid A. gossypii that isolates Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok. and Lecanicillium longisporum (Zimmerman) Zare & Gams. The isolates CG 864, IBCB 66 and PL 63 of the B. bassiana were the most virulent. B. bassiana preparations reduced the aphid population A. gossypii, with control efficiencies of 52.3% to 83.8%, however, there was no difference in the pest population density between the oil dispersion and the aqueous suspension conidia.