http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4368 2025-09-28T12:04:15Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9234 Título: Associação da joaninha Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) com inseticidas visando ao controle de pragas das brássicas Autor: LIRA, Rogério Primeiro orientador: TORRES, Jorge Braz Abstract: The diamondback moth and aphids are key pest species of brassicas’ crops, which frequently requires insecticide applications to their control. The use of selective insecticides, complemented with insecticide-resistant natural enemies, offers the opportunity to integrate insecticides and natural enemies in pest control. Thus, the performance of the predatory lady beetle, Eriopis connexa (Germs) (Coleopotera: Coccinellidae), was evaluated through its exposure to insecticides recommended against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and the turnip aphid, Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Concentration-mortality curves were determined for three insecticides registered for brassicas and differential selectivity indices were calculated for diamondback moth larvae and adults of the lady beetle. After to know the selectivity of the insecticides tested, was evaluated the control of aphids and moths in plants confined in cages, in the field, with spraying and release of the lady beetle. The results show that the insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis, cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, chlorfenapyr, spinosad, azadirachtin and spiromesifen are compatible with larvae and adults of E. connexa. The exposure of lady beetle larvae and adults exposed in sequence to two and five applications of the insecticides deltamethrin, pymetrozine, spinosad, cyantraniliprole, methomyl, chlorfenapyr, chlorantraniliprole or spiromisefen, did not affect their performance allowing compatible applications. The recommended insecticides for diamondback moth or aphid control did not affect significantly the consumption of these pests. The results of field did not characterize an additive effect of the release of E. connexa to insecticide applications in the control of diamondback moth and aphids. The number of lady beetle to be released and the release timing need to be determined for a better application of both, lady beetle release and insecticide application methods. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2022-02-23T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9233 Título: Prospecções de Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para o manejo de Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Autor: MORAES, Rian Javé Souza Sarmento Primeiro orientador: TORRES, Christian Sherley Araújo da Silva Abstract: Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a parasitoid of several pest species, including Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), but little is known about its control potential. Therefore, the fertility life table was used to evaluate the reproductive performance of this parasitoid on P. xylostella and the alternative host Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Furthermore, it was determined whether the natal host (P. xylostella or T. molitor) interferes with the olfactory response and rate of parasitism on P. xylostella. Finally, the survival of the parasitoid was determined when exposed to cyantraniliprole 100 SC (100 ml/ha) and to spinetoram 250 WG (100 g/ha), and 50% of these dosages, in different substrates (inert surface and cabbage leaf) and over time (0 to 8 days) under laboratory conditions. The results showed that T. howardi preferentially parasitizes P. xylostella and T. molitor pupae compared to the larvae of these hosts. The intrinsic population growth rate (rm) ranged from 0.117 to 0.132 ♀/♀*day in P. xylostella, and from 0.152 to 0.167 ♀/♀*day in the alternative host T. molitor, being statistically higher in the alternative host. The parasitoid olfactory response and the rate of parasitism on P. xylostella were not affected by the natal host. Regarding the selectivity of the insecticides tested, exposure via dry residue of both insecticides at the dosage used did not cause mortality in adults of T. howardi. Also the residue of both insecticides did not cause significant mortality, regardless of the exposure period and did not affect the parasitism capacity in P. xylostella, allowing the development of parasitoid descendants. It is estimated that under the conditions of Chã-Grande-PE, where T. howardi was collected on P. xylostella pupae, it completes up to 16 generations/year, while the pest can reach 19 generations/year, respectively. Therefore, T. howardi may contribute to the management of P. xylostella through natural biological control or through inundative releases. Our results also point to the possibility of using this parasitoid together with the insecticides cyantraniliprole and spinetoram, if necessary. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2022-07-28T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9232 Título: Condicionamento pré-imaginal no comportamento de predação, custo metabólico e perfil químico da cera das joaninhas Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant e Tenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Autor: DE LA PAVA SUÁREZ, Nataly Primeiro orientador: TORRES, Christian Sherley Araújo da Silva Abstract: Releasing natural enemies (parasitoids and predators) is a practice of integrated pest management. Among the predators, the lady beetles Cryptolaemus montrouzieri e Tenuisvalve notata are outstanding predators of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Large production of predators under standard rearing conditions may create selection pressure and alter their performance after many generations in insectaries. Therefore, we evaluated: if the lady beetles T. notata and C. montrouzieri show food preference and olfactory response to prey they were reared; if there is a metabolic cost associated with wax production in larvae of these predators; and if there is any effect of the wax chemical composition in the predator-prey interaction. Prey used were Ferrisia dasylirii and Planococcus citri. We found that the lady beetles responded similarly to volatiles released by either prey species offered. Also, there were no changes in predator behavior to prey olfactory cues. Both lady beetle species consumed more P. citri in laboratory and semi-field tests, regardless of rearing prey, indicating no pre-imaginal conditioning. Regarding the wax, there was a metabolic cost associated with its production, with a significant reduction in adult predator body weight, fecundity, and egg viability when the wax was removed during the larval stage. Finally, the predator-prey interaction does not condition the chemical composition of wax in lady beetles, as there is a difference in the chemical profiles of wax from the prey. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2023-02-02T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9231 Título: Colonização e dispersão intra-planta do bicudo-do-algodoeiro em lavouras de algodão Autor: ARRUDA, Lucas Souza Primeiro orientador: TORRES, Jorge Braz Abstract: Egg, larva and pupal stages of boll weevil develop inside cotton fruiting structures gaining protection against mortality factors. Therefore, the adult stage becomes the major target for control practices. The dispersal of boll weevil adults on the plant and throughout the cotton fields plus the knowledge about the lethal-time (LT) and residual control of recommended insecticides from different classes against adults of boll weevil were investigated aiming control decisions. Additionally, boll weevil colonization of cotton fields as function of border vegetation was determined using traps lured with boll weevil sex and aggregation pheromone glandlure. The traps were set up at field border (0m), 60, 120 and >200m inside the field and run 23 evaluations from 10 days after crop emergence (DAE) until crop defoliation. Newly-emerged weevils reach the cotton plant through the mainstream and exhibit their activities predominantely on the bottom part of the plants, where spent most of the time on bolls, followed by flower buds. The dispersal within-plant occurs mainly walking throught the fruiting branches and their leaves. Among the tested insecticides, the lowest LT was yielded with thiamethoxam, while the longest control residual was achieved with fipronil. The monitoring of commercial cotton fields showed that adult weevils were caught on pheromone traps during the first evaluation, 10 DAE, irrespective of bordering vegetation and distance from the border for all surveyed fields. Relatively low capture of weeivls and similar irrespective of field borders were observed on pheromone traps across all fields until boll maturation, when a significant increase in collections was noted and maintained until the end of monitoring. Based on the findings, we can infer that boll weevil behaviors colonizing the cotton plant minimizes its contact with treated surface despite the recommended insecticides were efficacious against the adults. Furthermore, the field colonization occurred as early as 10 DAE and do not occur only across the cotton field border and suggest that the precocious colonization is associated to the changes in the agricultural landscape such as adjacent crops and successive cotton cultivation. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z