http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4311 2025-09-27T02:29:47Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9774 Título: Desvendando a etiologia do complexo de doenças “Podridão de Phomopsis” da berinjela no Brasil e busca por fontes de resistência de amplo espectro em Germoplasma de Solanum melongena L. Autor: SILVA, Bruno Alves da Primeiro orientador: REIS, Ailton Abstract: Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the fourth economically important vegetable in the Solanaceae family. Despite being a very rustic crop, which is more tolerant to diseases than other species in the Solanaceae family, such as tomatoes, potatoes and peppers, many problems still interfere with its productivity, mainly the phytosanitary nature. Phomopsis rot is one of the main diseases of eggplant present in the main producing centers in Brazil. The disease affects the entire aerial part of the plant, however the greatest damage occurs when the pathogen affects the leaves and fruits. Infected fruits develop initially long-lasting rot, which can progress to soft rot and tissue interference. Injuries to the stem can lead to wilting and death of the branches above them. Dark brown, circular and concentric spots form on the leaves, which can be confused with those caused by Alternaria spp. To control the disease, the use of healthy seeds and seedlings, agricultural pesticides and the use of resistant cultivars are recommended. In the latter, the hybrid ‘Ciça’ (released as resistant to the fungus D. vexans) and other cultivars have been shown to be susceptible to pathogens under field conditions. Therefore, the present work aimed to clarify the etiology of Phomopsis rot in Brazil, in addition to testing the pathogenicity of isolates in fruits (cv. Ciça) and evaluating the collection of eggplant accessions belonging to Embrapa Hortaliças, discovering sources of effective genetic resistance against the possible causal agents of the disease. The phylogenetic analyzes carried out based on sequence information from genomic regions (ITS- internal transcribed space, TEF- elongation factor, Tub-2- beta tubulin and ACT- α actin) for 21 isolates, identified a complex of fungal species causing illness. Recognized as: (Boeremia sp1 and Boeremia sp2), Cumuliphoma pneumoniae, (Diaporthe endophytica, D. griceae and D. vexans) and (Stagonosporopsis sp. and S. pogostemon). This is the first report of the species occurring in eggplant in Brazil. The pathogenicity test on fruits (cv. Ciça) was carried out by inserting mycelium discs using the methods with (CF) and without injury (SF) into fruits, for 4 isolates. During the evaluation, the diameter of the lesions on each fruit was measured, and the area under the disease progress curve (AACPD) was calculated. No pathogenic variability was identified for the isolates, despite this, wound assays (CF) demonstrated higher AACPD values. In the selection of resistance sources, of the 61 accessions tested, for two of the pathogen isolates, disease severity data were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AACPD). Thus, 67.22% of accessions are resistant to Boeremia sp. and 83.60% were resistant to D. griceae. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-02-29T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9418 Título: Seleção de espécies de Bacillus para o controle biológico do oídio da videira Autor: SANTOS, John Lennon Ferreira dos Primeiro orientador: LARANJEIRA, Delson Abstract: Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe (Uncinula) necator (Schw.) Burr. is one of the primary diseases of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), and its control is mainly based on the use of synthetic fungicides. However, ecologically friendly control strategies with low risk of food contamination, such as biocontrol agents, have been employed. The objectives of this work were: 1. To evaluate and identify Bacillus isolates antagonistic to E. necator; 2. Characterize the adaptation of the antagonist isolates' to environmental and nutritional stress conditions; 3. Characterize the mechanisms of action of Bacillus isolates antagonistic to E. necator; 4. Evaluate the application of antagonist isolates in the integrated management of grape powdery mildew. In an initial screening using 45 Bacillus spp. from the Embrapa Semi-Arid Microorganism Collection, six isolates showed a reduction in disease symptoms greater than 70.0% on detached leaves. Two experiments in a greenhouse demonstrated that, when applied weekly, the isolates LCB03, LCB28, and LCB30 showed control efficiency greater than 80%. Sequencing of 16s rDNA showed that LCB03 showed 100.0% homology with B. velezensis, LCB28 99.93% with B. tequillensis, and LCB30 99.4% with B. siamensis. The isolates showed minor differences in the requirement of carbon sources, ideal pH range, glucose concentrations, and different nitrogen sources for their growth in culture medium and metabolized nitrate and ammonium as nitrogen sources. In an in vitro assay, LCB28 and LCB30 significantly inhibited conidial germination in co-culture and by producing volatile organic compounds. The potential to synthesize antifungal cyclopeptide was confirmed by PCR-based detection of gene markers for surfactin, bacillomycin, fengycin, and bacillysin production in the LCB28 genome, and the markers for all these compounds plus iturin in the LCB30 genome. Weekly alternating application of triflumizol and difenoconazole with the isolates LCB28 and LCB30 in a greenhouse reduced the incidence of powdery mildew by more than 70% and the severity by more than 90% on average in a greenhouse experiment. Two field experiments showed that powdery mildew incidence and severity were significantly reduced by applying formulations containing LCB28 or LCB30 in an integrated management strategy that replaced the concentration of synthetic fungicides, except during concentration and initial fruit growth, which are highly susceptible phases. The results of the experiments indicate that LCB28 and LCB30 have great potential to be applied in integrated powdery mildew management programs in grapevines. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2023-07-28T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9417 Título: Mancha de Stemphylium: etiologia, gama de hospedeiras e identificação de novas fontes de resistência em Capsicum e tomateiro Autor: TORRES, Tiago Bezerra Primeiro orientador: REIS, Ailton Abstract: The family Solanaceae includes many species of agricultural importance such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and peppers and sweet peppers (Capsicum spp.), which are widely used as vegetables around the world. However, these plants might be affected by a series of pathogens inducing severe direct and indirect losses. Stemphylium leaf spot deserves special attention, especially in tomatoes, since the disease can reduce crop yield and quality. Symptoms occur on both leaf sides and consist of small dark spots, which enlarge and become grayish brown, compromising the photosynthetic surface. In tomato, the disease is caused by a complex of at least three species of Stemphylium: S. solani, S. lycopersici (= S. floridanum) and S. botryosum. In the genus Capsicum, the disease is caused by three Stemphylium species: S. solani, S. lycopersici, and S. vesicarium. In this context, the objectives of the present work were: (1) To generate information related to the etiology and the host range of the causal agent of Stemphylium leaf spot in Brazil; (2) To identify new sources of resistance in Solanum (Lycopersicon) and Capsicum germplasm and (3) to carry out an inheritance study with a new source of genetic resistance to S. lycopersici in an accession of the wild species S. habrochaites. Phylogenetic analyzes of the ITS-5.8S rDNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) genomic regions of 89 Stemphylium isolates obtained in species of the Solanaceae family. The isolates were placed in two distinct groups with either S. lycopersici or S. solani. Isolates of S. lycopersici (n=81) were detected in tomato, potato, eggplant, S. paniculatum, and Physalis angulata. Isolates of S. solani (n=8) were detected in S. aethiopicum var. gilo and tomato. The reaction of accessions from 18 plant species was evaluated for two S. lycopersici isolates with 12 of them displaying a susceptible reaction. In search of alternative sources of resistance, 40 accessions of Solanum (Lycopersicon) were inoculated with one S. lycopersici isolate. Twenty-seven accessions were detected with high levels of resistance in the species S. habrochaites (13), S. peruvianum (13) and S. pimpinellifolium (1). Solanum habrochaites ‘PI-127827’ was detected as a new source of resistance to S. lycopersici. A subgroup of resistant accessions showed molecular markers distinct from the Sm locus, indicating potential new resistance genes/alleles. The susceptible cultivar S. lycopersicum ‘Ponderosa’ was used as a female parent in interspecific crosses with ‘PI-127827’. The chi-square test in the F2 generation showed a good fit with a segregation pattern 9 (resistant): 7 (susceptible), indicating a genetic model of resistance under the control of two dominant, independent, and complementary genes. The reactions of the 37 Capsicum accessions were characterized based on epidemiological parameters. The accessions C. annuum ‘Jalapeño TS’ and C. annuum var. glabriusculum ‘CNPH–3839’ showed an immunity-like reaction against two S. lycopersici isolates. In conclusion, new and relevant information was generated that could contribute to the cultural and genetic management of Stemphylium spot in Brazil. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2023-05-29T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9416 Título: Estudo da nematofauna em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica, Caatinga e em área produtora de coco do Estado de Pernambuco Autor: DAVID, Mariana Ferreira de Lima Primeiro orientador: GUIMARÃES, Lilian Margarete Paes Abstract: In the State of Pernambuco, there are the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes. The Atlantic Forest has been diminished since the beginning of European colonization for the implantation of sugarcane plantations. The Caatinga biome is considered one of the most threatened ecosystems in Brazil. In Petrolina-PE, 35% of the areas of the Caatinga are reverted to agriculture and livestock, such as coconut production. The nematodes that occur in coconut producing areas are responsible for reducing the productive potential. In addition to the parasitic action, nematodes can be used as bioindicators of soil quality, as they are sensitive to edaphic disturbances. Thus, the study aimed to characterize the nematofauna and the physical and chemical attributes of the soil in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga fragments, as well as to characterize the nematofauna and the physical and chemical attributes of the soil in a coconut producing area in Petrolina. Soil samples were randomly collected, 10 m apart from each other. After collection, the simple samples were separated for physical-chemical and nematological analyses. The physical and chemical analyzes were based on soil moisture, particle density, soil density, total porosity, pH, soil electrical conductivity, soil organic matter and carbon stock. Nematodes extracted from the soil were used for identification and quantification. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics, faunistic analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS), similarity analysis (ANOSIM), Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA). In view of this, it was concluded in this study that the Atlantic Forest, the Caatinga and the commercial planting of coconut trees had different physical and chemical properties and composition of nematode communities. Some genera of phytoparasitic nematodes that cause major problems in agriculture are naturally found in low population density in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest. The nematode of the genus Bursaphelenchus, which causes the red ring, was restricted to the planting of coconut trees. Soil attributes such as electrical conductivity, carbon stock and temperature influenced nematode communities. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2023-04-28T00:00:00Z