http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4370 2026-04-21T21:19:33Z 2026-04-21T21:19:33Z GUSMÃO, Reginaldo Augusto Farias de http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9828 2025-11-12T17:19:17Z 2024-02-29T00:00:00Z

Título: Integrando características das espécies na resposta da biodiversidade às mudanças ambientais em escala global e local Autor: GUSMÃO, Reginaldo Augusto Farias de Primeiro orientador: SOUZA, Thiago Gonçalves Abstract: Ecology has been seeking its adaptation as the environment shapes the structure of biological communities and these questions have gained more and more power due to the strong impact of tropic actions on ecological filters. Thus, recent study has shown that the response of species to environmental filters may differ in space, it depends on the observed scale and among the evaluated taxa. However, there is a gap in understanding the resources still contemplated to contemplate the different solutions observed. In this way, throughout the thesis we seek to contribute to the understanding of the groups involved in the assembly of communities on a global and local scale. For this, we carried out a macro-scale study evaluating how the contemporary climate and historical climate change determine the richness of tetrapod species. Through this study, we show that species characteristics are a strong mediator of the climate effect on species richness, but they are relevant in a different way for each of the metabolic and physiological singularities of these groups. Thus, we emphasize the importance of integrating the theory to understand the different bases developed. In the second chapter, we conducted a local experiment to understand how biological invasion and nutrient deposition affect communities, highlighting the role of trophic level in responding to the environment. Contrary to expectations, nutrient addition had no significant effect, while biological invasion emerged as a crucial factor, especially in the structure of predatory arthropod communities. We demonstrated that trophic interactions, including top-down and bottom-up control, are essential for understanding community responses to biological invasion. Therefore, in this thesis we highlight the mechanisms by which different environmental factors, on a global and local scale, determine community structure and highlight the role of species characteristics in determining the response of these communities. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2024-02-29T00:00:00Z FERREIRA, Maria Julia http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9353 2023-09-06T19:17:51Z 2023-05-29T00:00:00Z

Título: O processo de domesticação de paisagens nas savanas tropicais sul americanas Autor: FERREIRA, Maria Julia Primeiro orientador: SOLDATI, Gustavo Taboada Abstract: Small-scale societies have been transforming their landscapes for thousands of years, through diverse processes. One is known as domestication of landscapes, which results in changes in the structure, composition and dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. Several studies have documented how this process occurs in the tropical humid regions. However, little is known about how the process occurs in South American savannas, environments with specific dynamics and ecological patterns. In this study, we aim to elucidate temporal and spatial dimensions of the domestication process in typical tropical savanna landscapes. To achieve this goal we proposed a multifaceted strategy, using the following approaches: (1) a systematic review, which allowed us to know what are the management patterns of landscape units carried out by the people who inhabit the South American tropical savannas and how these strategies are related to different cultures and different landscapes; (2) an ethnoecological investigation in a Brazilian savanna region, Serra do Espinhaço (MG), using different participatory methods, which allowed us to understand how the apanhadores de sempre vivas manage the current landscapes and their perceptions of the consequences of the repression of their activities; and (3) temporal and spatial analyses to assess the changes in the landscapes in the traditional territory of the apanhadores de sempre vivas in the Serra do Espinhaço in the last two decades and their relationship with the presence and absence of traditional management, which allowed us to expose that after a period of strong repression of traditional management, driven by restrictive environmental policies, significant changes occurred in the landscapes and these brought ecological and social effects to the study region. With this, we discuss the importance of traditional management in structuring savannas landscapes and highlighted the need to recognize, resume and encourage traditional management for the conservation of South American savannas. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2023-05-29T00:00:00Z CAMILO, Cicera Janaine http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9352 2023-09-06T19:11:19Z 2023-02-27T00:00:00Z

Título: Investigação da influência de estudos etnobiológicos no desenvolvimento de bioinseticidas e perfil toxicológico do extrato aquoso de Lippia sidoides Cham Autor: CAMILO, Cicera Janaine Primeiro orientador: COSTA, José Galberto Martins da Abstract: The use of synthetic pesticides is common for maintaining world agricultural production. However, these inputs generate negative effects on the environment and on humans, among which can be mentioned the contamination of aquatic and terrestrial environments, toxicity in dispersing animals, such as bees, and accumulation in the blood of humans and animals, which can cause problems in the System Central Nervous system (CNS), among others. This work aimed to carry out a survey on the main ethnobotanical indications of species of the genus Lippia sp., with emphasis on their use as an insecticide and pesticide, and to relate the influence of these indications with the advances in studies with the pesticidal activity of the genus. In addition, a toxicological profile of the Lippia sidoides Cham species was investigated using different methodologies, with the aim of ensuring the use of this species in traditional medicine and in future studies. The bibliographic survey showed that Lippia species are commonly used by populations to treat various diseases, with the preparation of teas through the leaves being the main form of use L. alba and L. janvica are the most cited species for medicinal use, as well as stand out for use as a repellent and insecticide. Insecticide studies with the genus Lippia sp indicate the species L. sidoides, L. alba and L. janvica as the most investigated. In the toxicological study it was possible to verify that the aqueous extract of L.sidoides does not present a toxicological profile by the different methods used, demonstrating safety for use among traditional communities and promising for the development of scientific studies in the insecticide area. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2023-02-27T00:00:00Z SILVA, Olga Camila da http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9351 2024-11-04T19:56:42Z 2022-07-30T00:00:00Z

Título: Os seres humanos e o canto das aves: do resgate histórico a um estudo experimental sobre os fatores que intermedeiam a preferência pelo canto das aves Autor: SILVA, Olga Camila da Primeiro orientador: SOUTO, Antonio da Silva Abstract: Bioacoustics has achieved increasing importance in animal conservation. However, it is still in its infancy regarding Ethnobiology. Having said that, this thesis connects these two fields in favor of nature conservation, thus giving rise to Ethnobioacoustics. The model group for this study is that of passerines, popularly known [in Brazil] as “passarinhos”, grouping 60% of bird species. Many studies address various aspects of bird songs, but few relate it to human preference, although it is one of the central reasons that results in the imprisonment of these animals. Within this context, the general objective of this thesis was to investigate, through two studies, the fascination and the human relationship with the song of birds. In the first study, we carried out a brief overview of the appreciation of human beings with birds. In this regard, we approached the subject by showing its historical processes, the level of development of this appreciation, how it was shaped over time, and its influence on the arts. In the second study, through an experimental approach, we investigated the preference and liking for bird songs in two phases. In the first phase, we checked whether this preference would be tied to the complexity of the song and whether there would be a difference according to the gender of the human listener. To this end, participants listened to three different exotic birds’ songs and ordered them according to their preferences. In the second phase, we find out how much people liked the birds’ songs through an objective question. For this experimental study, 114 people participated, of which 53 participated exclusively in the first phase and 61 in the second phase. The research was carried out in the Ribeira district of the city of Cabaceiras - PB. Our results showed, from the first study, that the songs cause fascination from prehistoric times to the present, being part of art and healing rituals, transcending ethnicity and culture. This study reviewed for the first time the implicit causes of our fascination with bird songs. In addition to the aesthetic sense, bird songs seem to restore our psychological balance. We showed that the relationship between humans and birds is rich, and includes, among others, the act of imitating their vocalizations. On the other hand, the benefits that the bird songs cause in us cost the freedom and population decline of these animals. The second study showed that humans have a linear preference for more complex sounds. However, there was not a significant difference between the sexes, as occurs in music. In this regard, both genders appreciate bird songs. Importantly, this second study made use of a new and adequate methodology that objectively evaluated the complexity of the use of fractals. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2022-07-30T00:00:00Z